Nanotechnology: an emerging approach to combat COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),
which is a positive-strand RNA virus. The SARS-CoV-2 genome and its association to SAR-CoV-1 vary from ca. 66 to 96%
depending on the type of betacoronavirideae family members. With several drugs, viz. chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine,
ivermectin, artemisinin, remdesivir, azithromycin considered for clinical trials, there has been an inherent need to fnd distinctive antiviral mechanisms of these drugs. Curcumin, a natural bioactive molecule has been shown to have therapeu-tic potential for various diseases, and its efect on COVID-19 is also currently being explored. In this study, we show the binding potential of curcumin targeted to a variety of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, viz. spike glycoproteins (PDB ID: 6VYB), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYO), spike protein-ACE2 (PDB ID: 6M17) along with nsp10 (PDB ID: 6W4H) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (PDB ID: 6M71) structures. Furthermore, representative docking complexes were validated using molecular dynamics simulations and mechanistic studies at 100 ns was carried on nucleocapsid and nsp10 proteins with curcumin complexes which resulted in stable and efcient binding energies and correlated with that of docked
binding energies of the complexes. Both the docking and simulation studies indicate that curcumin has the potential as an antiviral against COVID-19.