A Survey on Additively Manufactured Nanocomposite Biomaterial for Orthopaedic Applications

The sturdy demands in orthopaedics are not yet fulfilled, in both bone replacement and joint substitution and also in other repairs of bone defects. Metals are used for bone repair and replacement for a long period of time instead of biomaterial. Most of the countries are still now practising bone replacement with metals like titanium and stainless steel only due to the lag of technology advancement. A lot of research and development paves the way to composite biomaterial, as it is evolving in the
domain of treatment of orthopaedics. There was massive research undergoing in the biomaterial field recently, and various methods of fabrication have been tested and implemented. Nanocomposites provide a higher surface-to-volume ratio, surface chemistry and nanoscale reinforcement, flexible production techniques, good corrosion and erosion resistance, and cheaper costs. The nanocomposite biomaterials were intended for biomedical purposes. Because of the intricacy of biological structures (tissue or organ) and additive manufacturing techniques for tissue engineering, scaffolding has wide scope for instant remedies in bone implant. The design restrictions and physical attributes of fast prototyping structures are then evaluated in terms of input factors like design elements, material choices, and additive manufacturing processing parameters. As a result of this survey, the needs and application importance of additively manufactured implants for the regeneration of various biomaterial types as well as the attempts undertaken to mitigate their medical impairment are suggested.